Knowledge

When deploying 25G access and 100G aggregation, panel density and single-port power consumption are most easily ignored, but they directly determine how many servers a rack can carry and whether the fan speed will be increased. This article will clear up these two accounts at once.

As the rate moves from 100G to 400G, PAM4 and coherence appear more and more frequently. This article uses an engineer's perspective to explain what problems NRZ, PAM4, and coherent detection each solve, and whether 25G/40G/100G existing network users should care about them.

Upgrading from 10G to 25G is not just a matter of changing a network card. The switch port, network card driver, and cable module must be aligned at one time. This article provides the matching sequence and common mistakes list in three steps to help you make server access upgrade a controllable routine project.

Although they are all 100G QSFP28 modules, SR4, LR4, and ER4 are very different in terms of distance, optical fiber resources, and price. This article helps you determine the 100G model at once by determining the gear according to the distance, calculating the attenuation budget, and checking the compatibility and writing the code.

When the renovation budget is limited, the SFP Gigabit electrical port module can convert idle optical slots into RJ45 interfaces, and the optical fiber transceiver can supplement links for equipment without optical ports, and can be stored in a 14-slot rack. This article explains the applicable scenarios, combination considerations and transformation boundaries of both.

Whether a damaged 100M module can be directly replaced with a Gigabit module is a high-frequency issue for technical support. This article provides practical selection answers from three aspects: the premise of speed compatibility, the price difference logic between single-mode, multi-mode and wavelength distance, and the procurement strategy of Gigabit priority and 100M back-up for new projects.

Wi-Fi 6/7 and high-definition video have pushed Gigabit uplink to its limit, and the cost of directly upgrading to 10G is high. This article explains the applicable prerequisites for 2.5G optical modules (the port must support multiple rates), four typical trigger scenarios, and the distance selection methods for multi-mode, 20KM, and 40KM.

The selection of optical modules in industrial cabinets and substation environments is different from that in computer rooms: the temperature range is confirmed according to the actual situation in the cabinet, DDM readings are used for active troubleshooting, and optical fiber replaces long-distance copper cables to cut off the ground potential difference path. This article gives the three key points of wide temperature confirmation, monitoring collection and isolation transformation.

When monitoring points move from analog to high-definition IP, the module selection of the backhaul link determines the success or failure of the transformation. This article estimates bandwidth based on the number of cameras, selects single-mode multi-mode and 2.5G based on distance, and explains common practices for aggregation layer speed-up and optical power recording requirements.

When upgrading the copper port link of the campus access switch to an optical port, the core is not to replace the equipment, but to first make an optical path loss budget, then set the uplink bandwidth to 100 Mbit or 1 Gigabit, and check that the port rate is compatible with the written code. This article gives a three-step implementation inspection method and suggestions on the pace of transformation.